NPPB and acute kidney injury: Recent studies further highlight the perioperative prognostic value of natriuretic peptides: Schmidt et al. [27] showed that preoperative N-terminal (NT)-proBNP independently predicted postoperative morbidity after non-cardiac surgery, and Zhang et al. [28] reported that elevated preoperative NT-proBNP predicted acute kidney injury (AKI) in gastrointestinal surgery under ERAS protocols, with part of the effect mediated by intraoperative infusion volume.