The NLRP3 inflammasome and its components, including NLRP3, pro-caspase-1, and the adaptor protein ASC, trigger the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)1β, and lead to gasdermin D-mediated pyroptotic cell death29, likely contributing to the chronic inflammation and subsequent neurodegeneration that characterize AD. The gene discussed is CASP1; the disease is Alzheimer disease.