NLRP3 and infection: Infection of SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells with Chlamydia pneumoniae (multiplicity of infection [MOI] 5) for 68 hours markedly induced Aβ42, NLRP3, and IL1β levels and triggered cell membrane damage, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (Fig. 3A–F).