PDE8B and hyperthyroidism: For instance, PDE8B showed a significant positive association in thyroid tissue (TWAS.Z = 5.70217, FDR = 5.71002e-05) and pituitary tissue (TWAS.Z = 4.213, FDR = 1.89e-04)—as the central organ for thyroid hormone synthesis and secretion, the thyroid gland directly contributes to the pathophysiology of hyperthyroidism, while the pituitary gland regulates thyroid function via secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), together forming a key axis for thyroid hormone homeostasis.