TRPV1 and Parkinson disease: Capsaicin, a highly selective TRPV1 agonist, has been shown to protect nigrostriatal dopamine neurons by inhibiting glial activation-mediated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced PD mouse model, thereby enhancing striatal dopaminergic function and improving behavioral recovery.34