TNF and Parkinson disease: ZGCD ameliorates motor deficits in PD murine models and attenuates neuroinflammation and apoptosis through: inhibition of TNF/NF-κB and Ras/ERK signaling cascades, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokine release (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), and transcriptional and translational regulation of apoptotic regulators.