The findings highlight distinct vulnerabilities of muscle cells, including impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics, altered calcium homeostasis, and cytoskeletal disorganization, bolstering the argument that muscle tissue suffers from mutant SOD1 toxicity independently from CNS complications in an ALS environment, but also notes that mutant SOD1 does not build up in muscle cells when isolated (Verma et al., 2024). Here, SOD1 is linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.