Even without FoxP3, experimentally eliminating IL-2 production, enforcing constitutive high CTLA-4 expression, and providing TCR stimulation can endow Tconv cells with regulatory functions, indicating that these molecular events constitute pivotal mechanisms of Treg-mediated suppression, which is essential for the prevention of autoimmunity (51). The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is Autoimmunity.