NFKB1 and colitis: Recent studies have shown that formononetin could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by inhibiting MAPK/PPAR-γ/NF-κB/ROS signaling and suppress colitis-associated colon carcinogenesis through regulating lipid metabolism and inhibiting the mTORC2/Akt axis (Cao et al., 2025; Liu et al., 2025).