IL18 and acute respiratory distress syndrome: Interferon drives AM differentiation into M1 macrophages in LPS-induced ALI through recognition receptors such as TLRs, secreting cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18, IL-12, and iNOS, which contribute to the clearance of bacteria and endotoxins, promote the recruitment and infiltration of neutrophils and M1 AM, thereby exacerbating the inflammatory response [34].