IGHE and systemic lupus erythematosus: Pathogenic IgE has been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (260, 261), bullous pemphigoid (BP) (262), atopic dermatitis (AD) (263), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (264), uveitis (265), systemic sclerosis (266), multiple sclerosis (267), Hashimoto thyroiditis, and Graves disease (268, 269), and chronic spontaneous and inducible urticaria (270, 271).