Immunofluorescence and H&E staining revealed that untreated HCC samples presented a disorganized architecture with sparse HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+ T cells, whereas therapy restored the tissue structure, reduced the tumor cell density, and promoted the infiltration of GZMB-expressing HLA-DR+CD38+CD8+ cells (Fig. 5e-j), suggesting enhanced cytotoxic activity. The gene discussed is CD38; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.