Ultrasound alone sensitivity for early-stage HCC was 52.6%, which increased to 68.4% when combined with AFP ≥20 ng/mL (p=0.32) and 94.7% when combined with OPN ≥17.3 ng/mL or IGFBP3 ≤1670 ng/mL (p=0.003 for both). Here, SPP1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.