In parallel, a wide range of pharmacological approaches has been tested in MCI, often with modest or inconsistent benefits: classical cognitive enhancers (cholinesterase inhibitors- ChEI and memantine), neurotrophic agents (Cerebrolysin®), cholinergic precursors (citicoline, choline alphoscerate), herbal extracts (standardised Ginkgo biloba EGb 761®), various vitamins and nutraceuticals, and, more recently, monoclonal antibodies targeting amyloid-β in biomarker-defined early AD. This evidence concerns the gene BCHE and Alzheimer disease.