STAT3 and neoplasm: Furthermore, the influence of tumor-derived EVs on TAM polarization dynamics is also of significance: gastric cancer EVs containing let-7g-5p have been shown to actively drive M2 polarization via STAT3 phosphorylation-mediated signaling (147), while colorectal cancer EVs carrying miR-122 have been demonstrated to substantially contribute to chemotherapy resistance through adaptive microenvironment remodeling (148).