CD8A and neoplasm: In the complex tumour microenvironment, sophisticated multifunctional nanodrugs (NCG) have been shown to successfully remodel M1 macrophages and actively recruit CD8+ T cells by enhancing JAK1-STAT1 signalling while concurrently blocking phosphorylation of STAT6, STAT3, and AKT through multi-pathway intervention, ultimately leading to significant inhibition of tumour metastasis and progression (142).