CD47 and neoplasm: Simultaneous blockade of PD-1/PD-L1 and CD47/SIRPα by a CD47/PD-L1 bispecific antibody induced robust macrophage-mediated phagocytosis of tumor cells and demonstrated potent therapeutic efficacy across three distinct mouse models, supporting its rationale for applications in PD-L1 and CD47 double-positive cancers (90, 91).