The expression of ATF4 was significantly increased in murine CAVD model induced by high cholesterol diet, while knockdown of ATF4 inhibited the calcification of aortic valves in vivo (Zhu et al., 2023; Li et al., 2020b; Cai et al., 2013). The gene discussed is ATF4; the disease is congenital bilateral aplasia of vas deferens from CFTR mutation.