While these precedents come from non-glial models, they make a testable case in GBM: OPCML restoration (genetic or recombinant) could be paired with inhibitors targeting the EGFR/MEK/ERK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR branches, a combination strategy that has shown superiority over single-pathway blockade in GBM models (17, 18). Here, MTOR is linked to glioblastoma.