CXCL8 and hydrops fetalis: (2) activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-18, and IL-8), which further induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis and necrosis, promote the development and progression of LVH and adverse ventricular remodeling, and increase the risk of HF (14, 27, 30–32).