Prior experimental and clinical work has already linked P2X7 signaling and IL-1β production to low-grade inflammation, β-cell stress and vascular injury in T2DM (Wang et al., 2020; Sun et al., 2012), so their emergence here is consistent with a contributory inflammatory background on which DDG was tested, and further targeted experiments are needed to determine whether the formula additionally exerts a specific anti-inflammasome action. Here, IL1B is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.