Among them, HMOX1, SOD2, and NOS2 have become the key targets - which is consistent with their previous research that can protect renal tubules from oxidative damage, maintain mitochondrial antioxidant capacity, and regulate the oxidative-reductive imbalance associated with uremia (Kitada et al., 2020; Li et al., 2021). This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and uremia.