Subsequently, paeoniflorin was found to exert neuroprotective effects by inhibiting signaling pathways such as NF‐κB and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor‐1 (Flt‐1), and showed therapeutic potential in models of Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, and Parkinson's disease [21, 22, 23, 24]. Here, VEGFA is linked to Parkinson disease.