SERPING1 and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: We identified serpin family G member 1 (SERPING1) as a robust causal candidate, with consistent pQTL associations with COPD (β = –0.038 to –0.006) and with lung function measures, including FEV1 (β = 0.008 to 0.015) and FEV1/FVC% (β = 0.014 to 0.026).