Strong evidence suggests that SERPING1 methylation is associated with COPD and FEV1/FVC; ASPSCR1, with FEV1% predicted and FEV1; and DNAJB4, with FEV1 and FEV1/FVC, through SMR, TSMR, and colocalization analyses (Supplementary Data 19). Here, SERPING1 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.