We then expanded the panel of human tumor cell lines, i.e. H1299 (NSCLC); UT-SCC-7 and UT-SCC-12A (patient-derived cSCC); ZR-75-1 (luminal breast cancer); U3017MG and U3031MG (patient-derived GBM); PC3U (PRAD); and HLF (HCC), as well as nontumorigenic human cells, i.e. HaCaT (keratinocytes); MCF10A (breast epithelial); BNF2 and BNF3 (breast fibroblasts); and HPL1 (lung epithelial) cells, to characterize VIM-AS1 expression. Here, VIM is linked to breast carcinoma.