ALB and diabetic kidney disease: Epidemiological studies have linked exposure to various EDCs, including phthalates, bisphenols, VOCs, PFASs, and heavy metals, to markers of reduced kidney function, such as elevated albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as clinical outcomes such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic kidney disease (DKD) [2-4,7-10].