LEP and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Leptin and adiponectin are the most extensively studied adipokines implicated in obesity-related cancer pathogenesis, with leptin elevated in obesity driving tumor-supportive processes such as cell proliferation, survival, immunosuppression, and, in prostate cancer specifically, enhanced cell migration and phospho-NF-κB-mediated pro-inflammatory signaling [43-45].