PTGS2 and prostate cancer: In the prostate cancer context, inflammasome components and inflammatory products directly influence cancer development and progression through multiple mechanisms, including promotion of NF-κB signaling and COX-2-mediated PGE2 production by IL-1β [84], amplification of local and systemic inflammation, enhanced recruitment of pro-tumoral immune cells such as MDSCs and M2 macrophages, and direct stimulation of cancer cell proliferation and invasion [60].