NFE2L2 and endothelial dysfunction: In salt-sensitive hypertension, excessive ROS accumulation exacerbates endothelial dysfunction, renal sodium retention, and vascular stiffness, thereby elevating blood pressure.19 Key signaling pathways linking mitochondrial oxidative stress to salt sensitivity include: NADPH oxidase (NOX)-mitochondria crosstalk, mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, the Nrf2/KEAP1 pathway, and mPTP dysfunction.