Cai et al. profiled EV surface proteins in five types of body fluids from patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) or AD model mice using PBA and found that EV proteins from urine samples possessed the highest diagnostic accuracy, reaching 88% with annexin A1 (ANXA1), integrin alpha X (ITGAX), and plasminogen activator, urinary (PLAU) in the protocadherin alpha 1 (PCDHA1+) subpopulation[15]. Here, ANXA1 is linked to early-onset autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease.