In microglia, PTSD was associated with increased expression of stress-related genes (ITGAX, NLRP1, SOCS6, PECAM1) and inflammation-associated genes (MAP2K6, NR3C2, IRAK2), along with upregulation of dual-function mediators (P2RX7 (27), CD83, JUN, SERPINE1). This evidence concerns the gene JUN and post-traumatic stress disorder.