Colonic ILC3s (45), defined as CD45+Lin-CD127+CD161+CD90+ICOS- were significantly depleted in the HIV+ MSM cohort compared to both HIV- non-MSM (p = 0.005) and HIV- MSM (p = 0.0004), supporting the previously reported loss of ILC3s during HIV infection (46). This evidence concerns the gene ICOS and HIV infectious disease.