TBPL2 and diabetic kidney disease: Notably, studies have identified differential tRF expression in the serum of patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) [93]: specifically, three tRFs (tRF5-GluCTC, tRF5-AlaCGC, tRF5-ValCAC) are significantly upregulated, whereas another three tRFs (tRF5-GlyCCC, tRF3-GlyGCC, tRF3-IleAAT) exhibit downregulated expression.