We acknowledge the established mechanisms by which (i) PD‐1 inhibitors (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) can enhance cytotoxic T‐cell activity of tumor cells [26, 41], and (ii) ipilimumab, an anti‐CTLA‐4 antibody, blocks inhibitory regulation in activated T cells, thereby both promoting antigen‐specific T‐cell activation and also enhancing the cytotoxic activity of tumor cells [42]. This evidence concerns the gene CTLA4 and neoplasm.