CSF1R and neoplasm: Finally, we show that biocompatible gel encapsulated SC releasing Nbs against PD-1 and CSF-1R have therapeutic efficacy in a highly immunosuppressive glioblastoma model post-tumour resection.<h4>Interpretation</h4>Taken together, our findings establish a cell-based Nb platform targeting both innate and adaptive immune axis within the TME, which has the potential to facilitate treatment of solid cancers that are otherwise refractory to conventional immunotherapies.<h4>Funding</h4>This study was mainly supported by Institutional Funds (K.S).