The eight novel genes with pathogenic GVs in three to five families from the glioma cohort but not in controls (P < 0.05) play roles in metabolism (PHYH, SERPINA3, TG, TRMT5), ion transport (CFTR, TMC1), immune response (MYO1G), and signal transduction (MAP3K20) (Fig. 1b, Supplementary Table 3 online resource). This evidence concerns the gene SERPINA3 and glioma.