CD19 and neoplasm: Several ACT strategies have been developed: CAR-T cell therapy, which involves engineering T cells to express CARs targeting antigens such as CD19 or B cell maturation antigen (BCMA); tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which are isolated from patient tumors and expanded ex vivo; bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs), which are synthetic molecules that simultaneously bind tumor antigens and T cells to promote cytotoxic engagement; and T cell receptor–engineered T (TCR-T) cells, which are modified to express tumor-specific TCRs.