VEGFA and ischemic stroke: Due to its involvement in angiogenesis and neuroplasticity, VEGF-A have been studied as a marker for cSVD, AD (Yu et al., 2016; Hohman et al., 2015), and ischemic stroke (Hu et al., 2024; Seidkhani-Nahal et al., 2021) with emphasis on its prognostic value.