MMP9 and androgen insensitivity syndrome: While MMP-9 generally serves a neuroprotective role as a remodeling enzyme (Fragkouli et al., 2014; Kaminari et al., 2017), MMP-9 overactivity during AIS contributes to disruption of the BBB, formation of vasogenic edema, and risk for hemorrhagic transformation (Chaturvedi and Kaczmarek, 2014).