Initial tests in 36 urine samples of PNS and 10 control samples showed that NPHS2-based detection of urinary podocytes showed better discrimination between patients with PNS and controls compared with NPHS1-based detection of urinary podocytes (Supplementary Figure S1), and NPHS2 was therefore chosen as marker for further analysis. Here, NPHS1 is linked to paraneoplastic neurologic syndrome.