A similar trend was found in the liver of major mouse models of obesity (ob/ob and db/db mice) with chronic ER-stress reflected in increased GRP78, CHOP, and XBP1s expression, further underscoring the metabolic relevance of miR-148a during ER-stress (Figure S8). This evidence concerns the gene HSPA5 and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.