Thus, selective blockade of the miR-31–5p/CTR-mRNA interaction with miR-31/CTR-TSB treatment, potentially in combination with currently approved hormonal CT-therapy, may offer a safer, atrial-selective strategy to restore CT signalling and re-establish control over atrial fibrogenesis and prevent associated arrhythmia susceptibility in patients with a history of AF. The gene discussed is CALCR; the disease is cardiac arrhythmia.