y: years; n: number; NYHA: New York Heart Association; CAD: coronary artery disease; PCI: percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; COLD: chronic obstructive lung disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; GFR: glomerular filtration rate; HLD: hyperlipidemia; DM: diabetes mellitus; ASD: atrial septal defect; PE: pulmonary embolism; DVT: deep vein thrombosis; BSA: body surface area; Hb: hemoglobin; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.