Regarding programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), for instance, majordiscussions revolve around the efficacy and prognosis of various tumors aftertreatment with PD-1 and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, as well as theactivation and expression of essential factors in the anti-tumor immune process14. This evidence concerns the gene PDCD1 and neoplasm.