The European Heart Failure Association (HFA) put forward the HFA-PEFF algorithm, which is a three-domain scoring system (functional, morphological, and biomarkers) for diagnosing HFpEF. A "major" biomarker criterion is NT-proBNP ≥ 220 pg/mL in sinus rhythm or ≥ 660 pg/mL in AF [16]. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is heart failure.