FOXO3 and diabetic kidney disease: While studies of aucubin in DKD are few, existing studies suggest that aucubin can alleviate inflammation, albuminuria, enlargement of the glomerular extracellular matrix, and renal fibrosis by inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway activation and inducing the SIRT1/SIRT3-FOXO3a axis in diabetic nephropathy mice [33].