CD8A and neoplasm: In research on tumor small-molecule targeted therapy combinations, the Phase II NeoACTIVATE clinical trial (30 melanoma patients receiving atezolizumab plus cobimetinib with or without vemurafenib, among which 28 patients have blood samples) demonstrated that patients achieving pathological complete response (pCR) or near-pCR (tumor cell proportion ≤10%) had significantly higher levels of CD8+ T cells before treatment, after one cycle of treatment, and after four cycles of treatment compared to other patients [99].