HMOX1 and major depressive disorder: Similarly, Ji et al. demonstrated that XYW at 0.93 and 1.86 g/kg alleviated depression-like behaviors in OB rats by enhancing the expression of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2(NFE2L2), KEAP1, glutathione peroxidase 3(GPX3), heme oxygenase 1(HMOX1), superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), NAD(P)H dehydrogenase quinone 1(NQO1), and BDNF, while reducing ROS levels, implicating the PIK3CA-AKT1-NFE2L2/BDNF axis in oxidative stress modulation and neuroprotection [68].