XYS and its active ingredients modulate several crucial signaling pathways implicated in depression, including the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt), NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways. Here, NLRP3 is linked to major depressive disorder.