Recent evidence demonstrates that MSI is a predictive biomarker for immunotherapy.29–32 In addition to MSI, tumor mutational burden (TMB) has been investigated as a potential biomarker for predicting response to immunotherapy.33,34 Clinical evidence shows a positive association between elevated TMB/MSI levels in tumor tissue and enhanced immunotherapy efficacy.35,36 Aligning with these observations, VPS35 expression demonstrated significant positive associations with both TMB and MSI levels across LIHC. Here, VPS35 is linked to neoplasm.