T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; ASCVD: atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; HFpEF: heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; DKD: diabetic kidney disease; CKD: chronic kidney disease; SGLT2: sodium-glucose cotransporter 2; AKI: acute kidney injury; DKA: diabetic ketoacidosis; PAD: peripheral artery disease; MASLD: metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; QoL: quality of life. The gene discussed is SLC5A2; the disease is chronic kidney disease.