APOA1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus: While specific studies directly correlating SNP variations with sex differences in T2DM outcomes and complications were not identified, research indicates that genetic factors influencing lipid metabolism such as KLF14 and APOA1 genes can have unique clinical implications depending on the sex of the individual, necessitating a tailored approach to risk assessment and management in T2DM patients [28]. These discrepancies may be due to differences in study populations, sample sizes, and methods of measuring oxidative stress and lipid metabolism.