CARD9 and chronic lung allograft dysfunction: Their underlying diseases are shown in Table 1: 4 (23.5%) had a primary immunodeficiency, including 3 with chronic granulomatous disease and 1 with caspase recruitment domain family member 9 (CARD9) deficiency, and 7 (41.2%) were solid organ transplant recipients, mostly lung transplant recipients (5 of 17 [29.4%]); among those, 3 had a history of chronic lung allograft dysfunction prior to IMIs.