TNF and alkaline phosphatase measurement: Semapimod has shown efficacy in reducing inflammation and mortality in early animal studies,332,333 although its clinical benefits remain uncertain.334 Additionally, ulinastatin, which downregulates macrophage-driven inflammatory pathways (e.g., NF‐κB and MMPs), has been reported to attenuate pancreatic tissue injury.335,336 In the early phase of AP, macrophages predominantly adopt the M1 phenotype, releasing proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α and IL‐1β that exacerbate tissue damage.