eIF2α is activated by additional kinases: RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) in response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, protein kinase R (PKR) in response to virus infection, and eIF2α kinase heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) in response to heme deprivation (Fig. 4E) [37]. The gene discussed is EIF2AK1; the disease is viral infectious disease.